Feline Leukemia

What is Feline Leukemia?

Feline leukemia is a form of immunodeficiency disease in cats which is usually fatal.  The disease, caused by a virus, can lead to immunosuppression, secondary infections, and tumor growth.  Infected cats are unable to resist other disease agents and may die from associated infections; similar to the human AIDS virus.  Testing for the disease is recommended prior to initiating a vaccination program for prevention.

How is Feline Leukemia spread?

Cat-to-cat contact is needed for transmission of feline leukemia, since the virus dies quickly outside the cat's body.  Most infected cats are found mainly in multi-cat households and outdoors where exposure is high.  The virus is shed in the saliva, urine and feces.  Young cats are at greater risk because their immune system is not yet fully developed.  Outdoor cats frequently involved in "tom cat wars" are also in this high risk category.

How do I know if my pet has Feline Leukemia?

Blood tests are available to determine if your cat is positive for the feline leukemia virus. 

A positive test only indicates that the cat is carrying the virus at the time it was tested.  Re-testing of a positive cat may be required for a definitive diagnosis of the disease.

A negative test means that the cat has no detectable virus in its blood at the time it was tested. A negative test does not mean that the cat is immune to the virus.

How can I prevent Feline Leukemia?

Preventative vaccine for feline leukemia is available.  It consists of a series of two doses, 2-3 weeks apart. The test will ensure that your pet is negative for this disease before beginning vaccinations; however, your pet may still be vaccinated against feline leukemia without the test.

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

What is FIV?

FIV is similar to HIV and causes AIDS-like illness in cats.

How is FIV spread?

Infected animals carry the virus in blood and salivary secretions; however, casual and nonaggressive contact does not appear to be a means of spread for the virus.

How do I know if my cat has FIV?

Blood tests are available to determine if your cat is positive for FIV.

A positive test indicates that the cat is carrying the virus at the time it was tested.

A negative test means that the cat has no detectable virus antibodies in its blood at the time it was tested.  A negative test does not mean that the cat is immune to the virus.

How can I prevent FIV?

In 2002 a vaccine was developed to aid in the prevention of FIV.  It consists of a series of three doses followed by annual boosters.  Cats must be tested prior to receiving the vaccination or they will test positive for the virus after infection (because the test detects antibodies).